El efecto de la vitamina D3 y su relación. con el nivel de glóbulos blancos en las mujeres con aborto espontáneo, inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI) técnicao / The effect of vitamin D3 and its relationship with the level of white blood cells in women spontaneous miscarriage undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique

Women were studied undergoing ICSI for 84 who suffer non-pregnancy at the Fertility Center, Al-Sadr Medical Hospital in Najaf Governorate, Period between January 2019 and March 2020. WBC, Vitamin D3 and ß-hCG were measured, The pregnant women was divided into (Pregnancy Group, and spontaneous miscarriage) and then demonstrate the immunological effect on pregnancy of women after ICSI technique. Current resultsstudy showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in hormone level ß-hCG is evidence of the presence of high success rates for pregnancy in women who performed operations IVF, where the success rate at the beginning of the matter reached 61.9%, after which it decreased to 33.3% after the first three months due to the occurrence of spontaneous miscarriage of pregnant women due to various immunological and physiological reasons, a positive correlation between the level of ß-hCG and other parameters in the study (Vitamin D3 -WBC).Also The current resultsshowed a significant decrease in a groups (pregnancy failure) and the group (spontaneous miscarriage) compared with the control group (continued pregnancy) in relation to the level of vitamin D3 Also, The current results showed a significant increasein (pregnancy failure) and (spontaneous miscarriage) compared with control groups (continuation of pregnancy) in relation WBC numbers, and the present study founds a negative relationship between the level of vitamin D3 and WBC.

Marcadores hematológicos de corredores amadores do município de Vitória/ES / Hematological profile of street runners from Vitória/ES

Introdução: O sistema imunológico apresenta estreita relação com o exercício físico. Todavia, poucos estudos verificaram o perfil imunológico de corredores amadores. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil de marcadores imunológicos de corredores amadores do município de Vitória/ES no período pós-treinamento. Métodos: Foram selecionados 31 corredores pertencentes a dois grupos de corrida, ambos de Vitória/ES. A análise hematológica dos parâmetros imunológicos foi realizada a partir da contagem total de leucócitos por meio de leucograma. Resultados: A contagem de plaquetas apresentou diferença estatística quanto ao gênero, sendo os valores maiores encontrados no gênero feminino em relação ao treinamento contínuo. Além disso, foram encontrados valores menores de neutrófilos no gênero masculino com relação ao treinamento intervalado. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre homens e mulheres nos demais parâmetros analisados. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o exercício físico influencia o sistema imunológico de corredores amadores de Vitória/ES, promovendo elevação das células plaquetárias e redução dos neutrófilos.

Introduction: The immune system presents close relationship to physical exercise. Meanwhile, few studies have verified the immune profile of amateur runners. Objective: To describe immune markers profile of amateur runners at Vitória/ES in the post-training period. Methods: Thirty-one runners of two distinct groups of race, both of Vitória/ES, were selected. The hematological analysis of immunological parameters was performed from the total count of leukocytes by leukogram. Results: The platelets count showed statistical differences according to gender, and the higher values were found in females compared to continuous training. Furthermore, lower values of neutrophils in males were found in the interval training. No statistical difference was observed between men and women in the other parameters. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that physical exercise influences the immune system of amateur runners from Vitória/ES, promoting an increase in the number of platelet cells and a reduction of neutrophils.

The First Korean Case of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC (Sanfilippo Syndrome Type C) Confirmed by Biochemical and Molecular Investigation

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III has 4 enzymatically distinct forms (A, B, C, and D), and MPS IIIC, also known as Sanfilippo C syndrome, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of heparan acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT). Here, we report a case of MPS IIIC that was confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. The patient was a 2-yr-old girl presenting with skeletal deformity, hepatomegaly, and delayed motor development. Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was markedly elevated (984.4 mg GAG/g creatinine) compared with the age-specific reference range (A (IVS2+1G>A) and c.1150C>T (p.Arg384*). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MPS IIIC to be confirmed by clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic findings in Korea.

Role of Regulatory T Cells in Transferable Immunological Tolerance to Bone Marrow Donor in Murine Mixed Chimerism Model

Constructing a bone marrow chimera prior to graft transplantation can induce donor-specific immune tolerance. Mixed chimerism containing hematopoietic cells of both recipient- and donor-origin has advantages attributed from low dose of total body irradiation. In this study, we explored the mechanism of mixed chimerism supplemented with depletion of Natural Killer cells. Mixed chimerism with C57BL/6 bone marrow cells was induced in recipient BALB/c mice which were given 450 cGy of gamma-ray irradiation (n = 16). As revealed by reduced proliferation and cytokine production in mixed leukocyte reaction and ELISpot assay (24.6 vs 265.5), the allo-immune response to bone marrow donor was reduced. Furthermore, the induction of transferable immunological tolerance was confirmed by adoptive transfer and subsequent acceptance of C57BL/6 skin graft (n = 4). CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells were increased in the recipient compartment of the mixed chimera (19.2% --> 33.8%). This suggests that regulatory T cells may be therapeutically used for the induction of graft-specific tolerance by mixed chimerism.

Action of phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharides on immune and hematological responses and fecal consistency of dogs experimentally infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

The therapeutic action of phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) was investigated regarding its prebiotic activity on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Diarrhea was induced in dogs by experimental infection with EPEC strains. Then MOS was supplied once a day, in water for 20 days. Immunological (IgA and IgG), hematological (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) and bacteriological variables (PCR detection of the eae gene of EPEC recovered from stool culture), as well as occurrence of diarrhea were evaluated. All strains caused diarrhea at 24, 48 and 72 h after infection. PCR results indicated that E. coli isolated from stool culture of all infected animals had the eae gene. There was no significant difference among groups as to number of blood cells in the hemogram and IgA and IgG production. MOS was effective in recovering of EPEC-infected dogs since prebiotic-treated animals recovered more rapidly from infection than untreated ones (p < 0.05). This is an important finding since diarrhea causes intense dehydration and nutrient loss. The use of prebiotics for humans and other animals with diarrhea can be an alternative for the treatment and prophylaxis of EPEC infections.

Impairment of the hematological response and interleukin-1β production in protein-energy malnourished mice after endotoxemia with lipopolysaccharide

The objectives of this study were to determine if protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) could affect the hematologic response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, leukocyte migration, and blood leukocyte expression of CD11a/CD18. Two-month-old male Swiss mice were submitted to PEM (N = 30) with a low-protein diet (14 days) containing 4% protein, compared to 20% protein in the control group (N = 30). The total cellularity of blood, bone marrow, spleen, and bronchoalveolar lavage evaluated after the LPS stimulus indicated reduced number of total cells in all compartments studied and different kinetics of migration in malnourished animals. The in vitro migration assay showed reduced capacity of migration after the LPS stimulus in malnourished animals (45.7 ± 17.2 x 10(4) cells/mL) compared to control (69.6 ± 7.1 x 10(4) cells/mL, P ≤ 0.05), but there was no difference in CD11a/CD18 expression on the surface of blood leukocytes. In addition, the production of IL-1β in vivo after the LPS stimulus (180.7 pg·h-1·mL-1), and in vitro by bone marrow and spleen cells (41.6 ± 15.0 and 8.3 ± 4.0 pg/mL) was significantly lower in malnourished animals compared to control (591.1 pg·h-1·mL-1, 67.0 ± 23.0 and 17.5 ± 8.0 pg/mL, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). The reduced expression of IL-1β, together with the lower number of leukocytes in the central and peripheral compartments, different leukocyte kinetics, and reduced leukocyte migration capacity are factors that interfere with the capacity to mount an adequate immune response, being partly responsible for the immunodeficiency observed in PEM.

Association analysis of human leukocyte antigen class II (DRB1) alleles with leprosy in individuals from São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the variability of the clinical response to infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae is associated with host genetic factors. The present study investigated the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II (DRB1) alleles in patients with leprosy from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. A case-control study was performed in 85 individuals with leprosy and 85 healthy subjects. All samples were analysed via polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. The HLA-DRB1*16 allele showed a higher frequency in the group with leprosy [(9.41% vs. 4.12%) odds ratio (OR) = 2.41 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.96-6.08) p = 0.05], whereas the HLA-DRB1*11 allele was less frequent in the group with leprosy [(6.47% vs. 11.76%) OR = 0.51 95% CI (0.23-1.12) p = 0.09]. The frequency of HLA-DRB1* alleles between the control group and leprosy patient subgroups presenting different forms of the disease showed that the HLA-DRB1*16 (16.13% vs. 8.24%, OR = 4.10, CI = 1.27-13.27, p = 0.010) and HLA-DRB1*14 (5% vs. 3.53%, OR = 4.63, CI = 1.00-21.08, p = 0.032) alleles were significantly more frequent in patients with different clinical subtypes of leprosy. The sample size was a limitation in this study. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated the existence of a genetic susceptibility associated with the clinical forms of leprosy. The low frequency of the HLA-DRB1*11 allele should be further studied to investigate the possible protective effect of this allele.

False-positive Urine Pregnancy Test Due to Leukocyte Interference

No abstract available.

Ehrlichia canis (Jaboticabal strain) induces the expression of TNF-α in leukocytes and splenocytes of experimentally infected dogs / Amostra Ehrlichia canis (Jaboticabal) induz a expressão de TNF-α em leucócitos e esplenócitos de cães experimentalmente infectados

Canine ehrlichiosis is caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia canis and is characterized by a systemic febrile disease of unknown pathogenesis. This study evaluated the expression of cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, in splenic cells and blood leukocytes during the acute phase of ehrlichiosis and after treatment with doxycycline hyclate in dogs experimentally infected with the E. canis Jaboticabal strain. The study results showed a significant expression of TNF-α 18 days post-inoculation, reducing by approximately 70 percent after treatment. There was a unique peak of expression of IL-10 and IFN-γ 18 and 30 days post-inoculation, respectively. This study suggests that TNF-α plays a role in the pathogenesis of the acute phase of canine ehrlichiosis and that treatment with doxycycline hyclate reduces the systemic effects of this cytokine, possibly by reducing or eliminating parasitemia.

A erliquiose canina é causada pela bactéria Ehrlichia canis, que desencadeia no hospedeiro uma doença febril e sistêmica, de patogênese pouco conhecida. O presente estudo avaliou a expressão das citocinas TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, em células esplênicas e em leucócitos sanguíneos, durante a fase aguda da erliquiose e após o tratamento com hiclato de doxiciclina, em cães experimentalmente infectados com a amostra E. canis Jaboticabal. Os resultados mostraram expressão significativa de TNF-α 18 dias após a inoculação, reduzindo aproximadante 70 por cento após o tratamento. Houve um único pico de expressão de IL-10 e de IFN-γ entre 18 e 30 dias após a inoculação, respectivamente. Este estudo sugere que o TNF-α participa da patogenia da fase aguda da erliquiose canina, e que o tratamento com hiclato de doxiciclina reduz os efeitos sistêmicos dessa citocina, possivelmente por reduzir ou eliminar a parasitemia.

Alveolar macrophages modulate allergic inflammation in a murine model of asthma

The role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the pathogenesis of asthma is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AM in the murine model of asthma. AMs were selectively depleted by liposomes containing clodronate just before allergen challenges, and changes in inflammatory cells and cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured. AMs were then adoptively transferred to AM-depleted sensitized mice and changes were measured. Phenotypic changes in AMs were evaluated after in vitro allergen stimulation. AM-depletion after sensitization significantly increased the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes and the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and GM-CSF in BAL fluid. These changes were significantly ameliorated only by adoptive transfer of unsensitized AMs, not by sensitized AMs. In addition, in vitro allergen stimulation of AMs resulted in their gaining the ability to produce inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and losing the ability to suppress GM-CSF concentrations in BAL fluid. These findings suggested that AMs worked probably through GM-CSF-dependent mechanisms, although further confirmatory experiments are needed. Our results indicate that the role of AMs in the context of airway inflammation should be re-examined.

Leukotrienes are not essential for the efficacy of a heterologous vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Leukotrienes are reported to be potent proinflammatory mediators that play a role in the development of several inflammatory diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Leukotrienes have also been associated with protection against infectious diseases. However, the role of leukotrienes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is not understood. To answer this question, we studied the role of leukotrienes in the protective immune response conferred by prime-boost heterologous immunization against tuberculosis. We immunized BALB/c mice (4-11/group) with subcutaneous BCG vaccine (1 x 10(5) M. bovis BCG) (prime) followed by intramuscular DNA-HSP65 vaccine (100 µg) (boost). During the 30 days following the challenge, the animals were treated by gavage daily with MK-886 (5 mg·kg-1·day-1) to inhibit leukotriene synthesis. We showed that MK-886-treated mice were more susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection by counting the number of M. tuberculosis colony-forming units in lungs. The histopathological analysis showed an impaired influx of leukocytes to the lungs of MK-886-treated mice after infection, confirming the involvement of leukotrienes in the protective immune response against experimental tuberculosis. However, prime-boost-immunized mice treated with MK-886 remained protected after challenge with M. tuberculosis, suggesting that leukotrienes are not required for the protective effect elicited by immunization. Protection against M. tuberculosis challenge achieved by prime-boost immunization in the absence of leukotrienes was accompanied by an increase in IL-17 production in the lungs of these animals, as measured by ELISA. Therefore, these data suggest that the production of IL-17 in MK-886-treated, immunized mice could contribute to the generation of a protective immune response after infection with M. tuberculosis.

Use of flow cytometry to develop and characterize a set of monoclonal antibodies specific for rabbit leukocyte differentiation molecules

Flow cytometry was used to identify and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that react with rabbit leukocyte differentiation molecules (LDM). Screening sets of mAbs, developed against LDM in other species, for reactivity with rabbit LDM yielded 11 mAbs that recognize conserved epitopes on rabbit LDM orthologues and multiple mAbs that recognize epitopes expressed on the major histocompatibility class I or class II molecules. Screening of mAbs submitted to the Animal Homologues Section of the Eighth Human Leukocyte Differentiation Workshop yielded 7 additional mAbs. Screening of mAbs generated from mice immunized with leukocytes from rabbit thymus or spleen or concanavalin A activated peripheral blood and/or spleen lymphocytes has yielded 42 mAbs that recognize species restricted epitopes expressed on one or more lineages of leukocytes. Screening of the anti-rabbit mAbs against leukocytes from other species yielded one additional mAb. The studies show that screening of existing sets of mAbs for reactivity with rabbit LDM will not be productive and that a direct approach will be needed to develop mAbs for research in rabbits. The flow cytometric approach we developed to screen for mAbs of interest offers a way for individual laboratories to identify and characterize mAbs to LDM in rabbits and other species. A web-based program we developed provides a source of information that will facilitate analysis. It contains a searchable data base on known CD molecules and a data base on mAbs, known to react with LDM in one or more species of artiodactyla, equidae, carnivora, and or lagomorpha.

O papel das quimiocinas na neuroinflamação / The role of chemokines in neuroinflammation

Inflamação é parte do processo fisiológico que visa reparar o dano tecidual causado por infecção, trauma, isquemia, autoimunidade. Entretanto, quando o processo inflamatório não é controlado, pode contribuir para o aumento da lesão tecidual. A regulação da resposta inflamatória no sistema nervoso central (SNC) envolve diferentes tipos celulares, como neutrófilos, macrófagos e linfócitos, células da glia, moléculas de adesão, citocinas e quimiocinas. As quimiocinas são uma família de citocinas de baixo peso molecular responsáveis pelo recrutamento seletivo de leucócitos, e subdividem-se em quatro subfamílias de acordo com a posição do resíduo cisteína N-terminal dessas moléculas: C, CC, CXC, CX3C. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar o papel das quimiocinas na regulação da inflamação em doenças do SNC.

Inflammation is part of the physiological process that aims at repairing the tissue damage produced by infection, trauma, ischemia, autoimmune diseases. However, when this process is not controlled, it can increase the tissue lesion. The regulation of the inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) involves different cell types such as neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, glia cells, adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines. Chemokines are a large family of low-molecular weight cytokines associated with the selective trafficking of leukocytes, and are classified into four subfamilies on the basis of the arrangement of cysteine residues located in the N-terminal region of these molecules: C, CC, CXC and CX3C. This review will attempt to describe the role of chemokines in the regulation of inflammation in CNS diseases.

Time dependent immunomodulatory response of exogenous melatonin to killed Pasteurella multocida (P52 strain) vaccine in albino rats.

The effect of time of administration of exogenous melatonin (M) at the rate of 100 microg/Kg BW of rat/day for 14 days on immunomodulation to killed Pasteurella multocida (P52 strain) vaccine (KPMV) was investigated in male albino rats during spring season with photoperiod of LL 13: DD 11 h and 25 +/- 2.5 degrees C air temperature and 70 +/- 4% relative humidity. The experiment was conducted at an altitude of 172 mts above mean sea level at latitude 28.20 degrees north, longitude 79.24 degrees east (Bareilly, U.P. India). The experimental animals were divided in-groups of 8 rats each, as KPMV + M at 4.00 h; KPMV + M at 16.00 h; KPMV and their controls M4, M16, PBS respectively. Humoral immune response was monitored at weekly intervals by an indirect ELISA and cellular immunity by leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) and delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH). As evinced by in-vitro assays and in-vivo protection studies, both humoral and cellular immune responses to KPMV were augmented in rats receiving exogenous melatonin at 4.00 h as compared to slightly reduced responses in rats treated with melatonin at 16.00 h. It was concluded that the circadian timings of melatonin administration modulate immune response in rats.

Los leucocitos polimorfonucleares disminuyen la capacidad inmunoestimuladora de las celulas dendriticas / Polymorphonuclear leukocytes decrease the immunostimulatry capacity of human dendritic cells

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de los leucocitos polimorfonucleares (PMNL) de modular la fisiología de las células dendríticas (CDs). Utilizando CDs humanas analizamos el efecto de los PMNL sobre las CDs. Las CDs incubadas con los PMNL mostraron una menor capacidad aloestimuladora de linfocitos T (LT) (42 +/- 14%, n=8, p<0.05), la cual se correlacionó con una menor concentración de IFNgamma (CDs: 781 +/- 3 pg/ml; CDs-PMNL: 343 +/- 178 pg/ml, p<0.05). También se pudo observar el efecto inhibitorio de los PMNL sobre las CDs en un cultivo antígeno específico. Sin embargo, el efecto inhibitorio no se pudo observar sobre CDs maduras. Además, la inhibición de la capacidad aloestimuladora de las CDs tratadas con los PMNL fue revertida utilizando inhibidores de serino proteasas. Estos resultados indican que los PMNL modulan la actividad de las CDs inmaduras a través de la liberación de serino proteasas.

Effect of ciprofloxacin on specific immune response in rabbits.

Ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg body weight, iv, twice daily for 4 days) failed to alter specific antibody titres, total immunoglobulin concentration, total serum protein concentration, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, phagocytic index and skin thickness in DNCB skin sensitivity test against Brucella plain killed antigen in New Zealand White rabbits. It can be concluded that ciprofloxacin at the dose and duration employed did not adversely affect specific immune response in normal rabbits.

Modulatory effects of buffalo basic and acidic uterine luminal proteins phagocytic and bactericidal activities of polymorphonuclear-and mononuclear leukocytes in vitro

Potential immunological effects of basic and acidic uterine luminal proteins [ULP] collected from estrus-and luteal-phase buffalos were studied in vitro. The phagocytic and microbicidal activities of PMN macrophages and superoxide anion production by PMN were elucidated. Estrus-phase basic and acidic ULP collected from buffalos enhanced phagocytic activity of PMN at all concentrations tested; whereas, basic and acidic ULP of luteal-phase buffalos suppressed phagocytic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The bactericidal activity of buffalo PMN increased in response to basic ULP of estrus-phase buffalos in comparison with basic luteal-phase proteins. Meanwhile, acidic ULP proteins of estrus-phase buffalos showed significant increase in bactericidal activity only at 40, 80 and 150 mug/ml protein concentrations, in contrast to acidic ULP of luteal-phase buffalos. Nitric oxide production by macrophages increased in response to basic ULP of estrus-phase buffalos, whereas this activity decreased when macrophages were treated with different concentrations of basic ULP of luteal-phase buffalos. Only at high concentrations, the acidic protein of estrus-phase buffalos increased nitric production by macrophages as compared with acidic protein from luteal-phase buffalos. Superoxide anion production by neutrophils increased in response to basic and acidic ULP of estrus-phase buffalos and decreased in response to acidic proteins from luteal-phase buffalos

Caracterización clínico molecular de la enfermedad granulomatosa crónica autosómica recesiva causada por déficit de p47-phox / Clinical and molecular characterization af autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease caused by p47-phox deficiency

Background: The cytosolic protein p47-phox (phagocyte oxidase) is one of the essential components of the superoxide generating system in phagocytes and its defect causes approximately 30 percent of the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) cases. Aim: Two patients were studied, belonging to the same family, without a consanguinous background, in which deficiency or absence of superoxide generation was found together with recurrent and severe infections in one case and benign infections in the second. Methods: The presence of gp91-, p67- and p47-phox in patients and controls was determined by Western Blot analysis of granulocytes. Sequencing of PCR amplified DNA was performed by an enzimatic method. Results: Western Blot analysis showed normal expression of gp91 and p67 and absence of p47-phox. The molecular genetic study demonstrated a homocygotic dinucleotide GT (GT) deletion at the beginning of exon 2 of the p47-phox gene. The same mutation has been found in European, American and Japanese patients. Conclusions: The molecular characterization of this pathology done for the first time in Chile is important for diagnostic classification, patient prognosis, and adequate genetic advice and a possible future therapy

Galectin-1, an alternative signal for T cell death, is increased in activated macrophages

Galectin-1 belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of animal ß-galactoside-binding proteins, which exert their functions by crosslinking the oligosaccharides of specific glycoconjugate ligands. During the past decade, attempts to identify the functional role of galectin-1 suggested participation in the regulation of the immune response. Only in the last few years has the molecular mechanism involved in these properties been clearly elucidated, revealing a critical role for galectin-1 as an alternative signal in the generation of T cell death. In the present study we will discuss the latest advances in galectin research in the context of the regulation of the immune response, not only at the central level but also at the periphery. Moreover, we will review the purification, biochemical properties and functional significance of a novel galectin-1-like protein from activated rat macrophages, whose expression is differentially regulated according to the activation state of the cells. The novel role of a carbohydrate-binding protein in the regulation of apoptosis is providing a breakthrough in galectin research and extending the interface between immunology, glycobiology and clinical medicine

Suppressor cell activity of intestinal mucosal leucocytes from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis arni).

Suppressor activity of buffalo intestinal intraepithelial leucocytes and lamina propria leucocytes was induced by Concanavalin A, and was assayed against the mitogenic response of autologous and allogenic leucocytes to mitogens. Appreciable suppression was observed with 25 micrograms ConA/ml on the proliferative activity of the responder cells cocultured at a ratio of < 2:1 (suppressor:responder cell). Mitomycin C treatment of intestinal leucocytes did not totally vanish the viability and functionality of leucocytes.